Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of C. perfringens phages isolated

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of C. perfringens strains ( n = 97) lysed by individual phages.

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques:

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temperature stability of C. perfringens phages at ( a ) 40°C and 50°C, ( b ) 60°C, ( c ) 70°C, and ( d ) 80°C. Plaquing efficiency was compared to phages stored at 4°C, and data plotted are averages from three biological replicates, each with three replicates. Error bars show the standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques:

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: V i scores of 19 phages tested against 27 C . perfringens strains at doses ( a ) 1 and ( b ) 0.1. The bar to the right highlights the color designated to the V i scores, where 0 = no killing and 1 = maximum theoretical virulence. Graph ( c ) presents the average virulence index of individual phages on all tested strains, and error bars show the standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques:

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: V i scores of 32 phage cocktails ( a ) on C. perfringens strains S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 and mixed culture at doses ( b ) 1, ( c ) 0.1, and ( d ) 0.01. The bar to the right highlights the color designated to the V i scores, where 0 = no killing and 1 = maximum theoretical virulence.

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques:

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of larva groups used to assess phage efficacy for each cocktail tested

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques: Injection, Infection, Saline

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of 16 phage cocktails in improving survival and reducing C. perfringens colonization in infected larvae at doses 1 ( a and b ), 0.1 ( c and d ), and 0.01 ( e and f ). Graphs (a, c, and e) show larva survival 72 hours after infection, and blue bars highlight over 60% survival, black bars highlight below 60% survival, and the red bar shows the survival of infected larvae without phage. Boxplots (b, d, and f) show C. perfringens abundance after 72 hours. Student t -tests were used to determine statistically significant differences in C. perfringens abundance between infected larvae without phage treatment (red bars) and treatment with phage cocktails. P -values are displayed on graphs (ns > 0.05, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of larva that were positive for C. perfringens for each phage cocktail after 72 hours of infection

Article Snippet: C. perfringens strains were grown on selective medium Perfringens TSC agar base (Oxoid, UK) overnight at 37°C under anaerobic conditions (10% H 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 85% N 2 , Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK), on which they produce black colonies.

Techniques: Infection